Residency By Investment
Residency By Investment


Katherine Read
Katherine Read is a financial writer known for her work on financial planning and retirement finance, covering equity release, lifetime mortgages, home reversion, retirement planning, SIPPs, pension drawdown, and interest-only mortgages.
At WorldPassports she takes a deep dive into global migration trends, specializing in the intricate world of investment-based mobility. She brings a wealth of knowledge and insight into the dynamics of Passport Programs, Golden Visas, and Economic Citizenship.


Bert Hofhuis
Bert Hofhuis is a founder & entrepreneur simplifying the complexities of visas, passports, and immigration. He navigates the intricacies of international travel documentation with clarity and expertise, helping individuals and businesses easily manage global mobility challenges.


Nadia Read Thaele
Nadia Read-Thaele is a renowned expert in Citizenship by Investment (CBI), specializing in Golden Visa Programs and Economic Citizenship.
With extensive knowledge in Investor Visa processes, Nadia adeptly guides clients through the intricacies of acquiring a Second Passport through Investment.

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What Is Residency by Investment and What Options Are Available?
Residency by investment allows individuals to obtain residency through financial investment, with various programme options available globally.
What’s Residency by Investment?
Residency by investment is an initiative that various countries use by which foreign nationals can make a significant financial investment in a country in exchange for the right to live, work, and study in that country.
Every program’s specifics vary widely by country in terms of the investment amount, type of investment, processing time, and advantages offered.
The process usually involves a comprehensive application process, including due diligence and background checks to ensure the applicant is of good character.
Learn More: What’s Residency by Investment?
What Are the Investment Options for RBI?
There are 4 investment options to obtain residency that you could consider.
Here’s a list:
- Real estate investment
- Capital transfer
- Purchase of securities
- Business investment
Learn More: Investment Options to Obtain Residency by Investment
What Benefits & Considerations Are Associated With Residency by Investment Programs?
These programmes offer both potential gains and risks, demanding careful consideration of personal and financial circumstances.
What Are the Benefits & Risks of Residency by Investment?
Noting the benefits and risks of residency by investment will help you determine if this is the most suited route for you.
The benefits of residency by investment include:
- Increased mobility
- Education and healthcare perks
- Enhanced entrepreneurial opportunities
The risks of residency by investment include:
- Possible lack of return on investment
- Limited access to the job market
- Restricted rights and privileges
Learn More: Benefits and Risks of Residency by Investment
What Should You Consider When Applying for an RBI Program?
Before you can go ahead and apply for residency by investment, there are a few key factors to consider.
Take a look at these main factors:
- Choice of country and program
- Financial requirements
- Type of investment
- Processing times
- Dependents covered by RBI programs
- Choice of RBI agency
Learn More: Factors to Consider When Applying for Residency by Investment
What Are the Top Residency by Investment Programs?
There are a number of countries worldwide that offer residency by investment programs, each with its own requirements and investment amounts.
For your convenience, our WorldPassports team of experts has listed the active residency by investment programs in 2023 according to their regions.
Currently, active residency by investment programs in Europe include the following countries:
- Andorra
- Austria
- Bulgaria
- Cyprus
- Georgia
- Greece
- Guernsey
- Italy
- Jersey
- Latvia
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- Portugal
- Spain
- Switzerland
- Tűrkiye
- United Kingdom
Currently, active residency by investment programs in the Americas include the following countries:
- Bermuda
- Canada
- Costa Rica
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Uruguay
- The United States of America
Currently, active residency by investment programs in Asia and the Pacific include the following countries:
- Australia
- Hong Kong
- Malaysia
- New Zealand
- Singapore
- South Korea
- Thailand
Currently, active residency by investment programs in Africa and the Middle East include the following countries:
- Armenia
- Jordan
- Mauritius
- Namibia
- United Arab Emirates
Currently, active residency by investment programs in the Caribbean include the following countries:
- Anguilla
- Bahamas
- Barbados
- British Virgin Islands (BVI)
- Cayman Islands
- Curacao
- Dominican Republic
- Montserrat
Who Is Eligible for Residency by Investment and How Do You Apply?
Eligibility for residency by investment varies by country, typically requiring a substantial financial commitment and a formal application process.
Who's Eligible for Residency by Investment?
If you’re interested in residency by investment, you’re probably wondering if you’re eligible to apply.
Here are some of the basic requirements to be aware of:
- Minimum age of 18 years
- Clear legal background
- Financial competence
- Passing all background checks and due diligence screenings
Furthermore, some countries prefer investors who are already employed and some countries allow family members and dependants to be included in your application, while others don’t.
Learn More: Eligibility Requirements for Residency by Investment
How Do I Apply for Residency by Investment & What’s Needed?
- Choose the right investment route for your specific needs.
- Prepare your documentation, including your proof of identity and reference letters.
- Undergo thorough screening and due diligence processes.
- Execute your investment.
What Are the Financial Considerations of Residency by Investment?
Financial implications include the initial investment, ongoing costs, and potential financial benefits of the chosen residency programme.
What Costs Are Involved in Residency by Investment?
There are various types of costs involved in residency by investment, stretching beyond the initial investment amount.
These costs include:
- Legal fees
- Government fees
- Application processing fees
- Visa fees
Learn More: Residency by Investment Costs
What Are the Cheapest RBI Programs?
While some of the more popular residency by investment programs can require large sums of money, there are more cost-effective alternatives available.
Our list of the top cheap RBI programs includes these:
- Paraguay
- Nicaragua
- Greece
- Latvia
- Panama
- Dominican Republic
Learn More: Cheapest Residency by Investment Programs
How Does Residency by Investment Impact Your Taxes and What Agencies Can Assist?
Residency by investment can significantly alter one’s tax obligations, with specialised agencies available to assist in navigation.
What Are the Tax Implications of Residency by Investment?
Understanding countries’ tax regulations when considering residency by investment minimizes the risk of legal issues or unexpected financial burdens.
The type of residency by investment program you choose will largely determine the tax implications.
Another important consideration is that you can be a permanent resident of a country without being a tax resident of that country.
Learn More: Tax Implications of Residency by Investment
Which Agencies Facilitate Residency by Investment?
Residency by investment agencies offer exceptionally professional, tailored services, assistance, and support to investors throughout the RBI application process.
Their primary objective is to facilitate a seamless and successful residency application process for their clients, ensuring that they meet all the necessary criteria and make informed financial decisions regarding their investments.
The factors to consider before deciding on an agency include reputation and track record, expertise and efficiency, and the range of services offered.
Learn More: Residency by Investment Agencies
How Does Residency by Investment Compare to Citizenship by Investment?
When weighing up residency by investment and citizenship by investment, it’s crucial that you consider the benefits and drawbacks of each option to better understand which route best aligns with your needs and priorities.
Residency by investment can be more financially accessible if you can’t afford the minimum investment required for citizenship in your chosen country, as the RBI investment amounts are generally smaller.
But then, citizens have more rights in their chosen country than residents. For example, citizenship is permanent, whereas residency permits must be renewed periodically and can be revoked.
Other differences include tax implications and travel benefits.
Learn More: Citizenship by Investment Explained
What Alternatives Are There to Residency by Investment?
While RBI programs can be an attractive option for some, there are numerous exciting alternatives to residency by investment programs that cater to a more diverse range of applicants.
These include:
- Citizenship by investment
- Skilled migration programs
- Work visas and sponsorships by employers
- Retirement visas
- Marriage and partner visas
Learn More: Alternatives to Residency by Investment
Common Questions
Which Country Has the Best Residency by Investment Program?
How Did Residency by Investment Begin?
Residency by investment programs originated in the 1980s when small Caribbean nations, such as Saint Kitts and Nevis, introduced residency programs in exchange for foreign investments.1
These countries faced economic challenges and saw an opportunity to attract capital from wealthy individuals seeking alternative residency options.
By offering residency status to investors, they aimed to stimulate economic growth, create jobs, and develop infrastructure.
The success of these initial programs led to the emergence of similar initiatives in other countries worldwide.
Can I Apply for a Residency by Investment Program With My Inheritance?
Yes, you can only apply for a residency by investment program with your inheritance in some countries.
That’s because the eligibility criteria for residency by investment programs vary among countries.
Countries that do accept inheritance as a means to apply for residency include Greece, Malta, Portugal, and Spain.
Is Residency by Investment Worth It?
Whether residency by investment is worth it depends on an individual’s unique circumstances and goals.
RBI offers advantages such as access to new markets, educational opportunities, and potential tax benefits, but it’s important to consider factors like investment cost and long-term plans.
We urge you to consult with professionals before making any decisions.
Are There Any New Residency by Investment Programs?
New residency by investment programs are periodically introduced by different countries to attract foreign investment and promote economic growth.
For example, Greece launched a new residency by investment program called the “Greece Golden Visa” in 2021, offering a fast-track pathway to residency for non-EU citizens who invest in real estate in Greece.2
Other countries with fairly new programs include Montenegro with its “Economic Citizenship Program” that originated in 2019, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) that launched a “Golden Visa” program in 2019.
Staying updated with the latest programs can provide additional options and opportunities.
What’s the Downside to Residency by Investment?
A potential downside to residency by investment can include high investment costs, additional fees, and ongoing maintenance requirements.
It’s important to thoroughly research and understand the specific program’s terms and conditions before making a decision.
Can I Apply for a Residency by Investment Program if I’m a Student?
Yes, you can apply for a residency by investment program in certain countries if you’re a student.
An example is Canada with its program called the “Student Direct Stream” (SDS) that expedites the study permit process for students from certain countries, including China, India, the Philippines, and Vietnam.3
On the other hand, Australia offers the “Temporary Graduate Visa” (Subclass 485) for international students who have completed their studies in Australia. This visa allows graduates to stay and work in Australia temporarily, with potential pathways to permanent residency.
Other countries that allow students to apply are New Zealand and Ireland.
It’s important to note that these programs are tailored to students and their educational journey, rather than traditional residency by investment programs.
Do I Need an Investor Permit to Make an Investment?
Depending on the country and program, an investor permit or visa may be required to make an investment and apply for residency.
The United States offers the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program, which requires investors to obtain an EB-5 visa to make a qualifying investment and pursue permanent residency.
The United Kingdom has the Tier 1 Investor Visa program, which requires investors to apply for an investor visa before making a qualifying investment in the country.4
Other countries that require an investment permit are Australia, Singapore, Malta, and
Portugal.
It’s essential to understand the specific requirements of the chosen program and comply with the necessary permits.
Residency by investment (RBI) has emerged as a viable and increasingly popular option, offering a unique blend of economic benefits, lifestyle opportunities, and international mobility.
As global trends continue to evolve, this pathway is likely to gain further attention and provide a viable avenue for individuals seeking to establish themselves in a new country.
Throughout this article, we’ve provided you with further extensive reading on some of the key aspects of residency by investment, including the various programs available, eligibility requirements, and potential benefits and risks.
It’s crucial, however, for individuals considering residency by investment to conduct thorough research and seek professional advice before embarking on the journey.
Thank you for trusting us as a valuable source of information. We wish you all the best in your onward journey!